What is Spinal Stenosis?
Spinal stenosis is a condition in which the spaces within the spine narrow, putting pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. It most commonly affects the cervical (neck) and lumbar (lower back) regions and is often caused by age-related changes.
Types of spinal Stenosis
Cervical Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing in the neck region, which can affect the spinal cord and nerve roots often leading to symptoms that radiate to the shoulders, arms and/or hands.
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Most common type, affecting the lower back and often leading to leg symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling or weakness along the lower extremities.
Causes
Degenerative changes due to aging
Herniated discs
Bone spurs (osteophytes)
Thickened ligaments
Spinal arthritis
Symptoms
Localized or radiating pain
Numbness or tingling in arms or legs
Muscle weakness
Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
Pain that worsens with certain activities
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves clinical evaluation, neurological examination, and imaging
studies (MRI or CT scans) to identify the location and severity of the narrowing.
Treatment Options
Physical therapy for flexibility and strength
Medications for pain management
Epidural steroid injections to reduce inflammation
Minimally invasive procedures
Surgery in severe cases
When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek medical attention promptly if you experience persistent pain, weakness, or loss of
bladder or bowel control.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is foraminal stenosis the same as spinal stenosis?
A: No, spinal stenosis generally refers to the narrowing of the central spinal canal, while
foraminal stenosis specifically refers to narrowing at the nerve root exit points (foramina).
Q: Can foraminal stenosis heal on its own?
A: While some mild cases improve with conservative treatments, many cases may persist
and require ongoing management.
Q: What activities should I avoid with foraminal stenosis?
A: Activities that worsen pain, such as heavy lifting, prolonged sitting or standing, and
repetitive bending or twisting should generally be avoided.
Q: Is surgery always needed for foraminal stenosis?
A: No, many patients improve with conservative treatment, but surgery may be
recommended if symptoms persist or worsen despite other treatments.