What is Sciatica?
Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which branches from your lower back through your hips and buttocks and down each leg. It usually affects only one side of the body. Sciatica commonly occurs when a herniated disk or bone spur compresses part of the nerve, causing inflammation, pain, and sometimes numbness.
Types of Sciatica
Acute Sciatica: Short-term condition lasting a few days to weeks.
Chronic Sciatica: Pain persisting longer than 12 weeks.
Alternating Sciatica: Pain that switches between legs.
Bilateral Sciatica: Pain affecting both legs simultaneously (less common).
Causes
• Herniated or slipped disk pressing on the nerve roots.
• Degenerative disc disease causing narrowing of the nerve pathways.
• Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal).
• Spondylolisthesis (slipped vertebra).
• Muscle spasms in the buttocks or lower back.
• Trauma or injury.
• Prolonged sitting and poor posture.
Symptoms
• Lower back pain.
• Pain radiating through the buttock and down the back of the leg.
• Tingling or numbness in the leg or foot.
• Muscle weakness in the affected leg.
• Worsening pain when sitting or standing for long periods.
• Difficulty moving the leg or foot.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis begins with a physical exam to assess muscle strength and reflexes. Imaging tests may be ordered to confirm the cause of sciatica, including:
– MRI: Provides detailed images of soft tissues.
– CT Scan: Visualizes bone structures.
– X-rays: Detect bone changes.
– Electromyography (EMG): Measures electrical activity in muscles.
Conservative Treatment
• Applying heat or ice packs.
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
• Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve flexibility.
• Short-term rest and activity modification.
• Prescription medications for severe pain.
• Epidural steroid injections to reduce inflammation.
Surgical Treatment
• Microdiscectomy – Removal of herniated disc material pressing on the nerve.
• Laminectomy – Removal of part of the vertebra to relieve pressure.
• Discectomy – Removal of part of a damaged disc.
Surgery is usually considered when conservative measures fail to relieve symptoms or when there is significant weakness or loss of bowel/bladder control.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How long does sciatica last?
A: Most episodes improve within 4 to 6 weeks with conservative care.
Q: Can sciatica go away on its own?
A: Yes, many cases resolve without surgery.
Q: Is walking good for sciatica?
A: Yes, gentle walking can help relieve symptoms.
Q: When should I seek medical attention?
A: If you experience severe weakness, numbness in the groin area, or loss of bladder or bowel control.
Q: Can stretching help sciatica?
A: Yes, targeted stretches can reduce nerve pressure.